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The chapel is all that remains of a small hospital established in the 13th century by Sir William de Colville, the local lord of the manor. The hospital was built close to a major east-west road, now by-passed. It sheltered poor travellers and tended to the sick, with a minimal staff including one or two monks. Running costs were met by the revenue from a water mill and tolls were imposed for crossing the nearby Whittlesford bridge. The chapel was largely constructed in the 14th century when it became a chantry where masses were sung for the soul of the founder. All chantries were dissolved in 1547 and Duxford chapel became a barn. IT was restored four hundred years later.